Social Work Practice Essay Example for Free

Social Work Practice Essay THE SUMMARY: The article of Erlinda A. Cordero, Direct Practice in Social Work: An Overview, discuss the social work being a dynamic profession and how its practice should be ready in facing the paradigm shift. The author gave historical background on social work practice before 1970 and how these practices evolve due to varied problems and situations that arise from time to time. Also, she talks on how a state of the art practice should be administered in practicing social work where she emphasizes that for an advance direct practice, such as clinical practice, one is expected to be a holder of Master of Science in Social Work degree. The author gave a quick discussion on the philosophy of direct practice and how the instrumental values evolved and eventually became the principles or guidelines to the practice of social work. The length of the author’s discussion involves the role of social workers in direct practice and the helping process. Towards the end of her article, she discourse the implication of the roles and the helping process of social work both in education and practice. At the end part, she tackles the issues and the emerging trends in social work. Look more:  social process theories essay THE REACTION: Reading the article makes me realize the rapid evolution of social work practice due to the changing events and situations and how the author wanted the social work practitioners to adapt in this change by narrowing the gap between academe and practice. Although I am not a Bachelor of Social Work degree holder I came to appreciate the importance of both social work as a profession and the social workers as the implementing person. My current work challenges me to understand the underlying principles, processes and policies in the field of social work. I think it is my responsibility to deliver quality services to my clients, and to do that, I should equipped myself with the knowledge pertaining to the practice of social work profession. I have a full understanding of the author’s points on her article, and somewhat I agree that this paradigm shift is really a big thing to the profession for it calls for acting various roles at the same time, in facing clients with multi-problems. The demand for having a generalist  perspective is deemed necessary to address this change. I would like deal on the last part of the article that talks on the issues and emerging trends. First point is on her statement â€Å"direct practice in social work demands much from both the practitioners in the field and the social work educators preparing the future professional social workers,† which I understand is very important since a cycle of exchanging ideas and experiences foster additional knowledge to the educators to give to their students who will eventually be a social worker in the field. Direct practice however involves the provision of services to clients (individuals, couples, families and groups) through casework and group work where I think and is not very sure if academe social workers had really a chance of doing this. By this, I think it is important that a registered social worker be allowed to do clinical social work practice. Second point is on her statement â€Å"the diversity of problems and situations require not only the knowledge, skills and attitude to acquire competencies for practice for practice but equally the genuine motivation and commitment to the profession,† which is very true, for motivation and commitment speaks on the passion and the reason on the question, â€Å"why are you doing t his?† For my case, I think the commitment and motivation is there but the knowledge, skills and attitude in social work is something I need to work on. Only now that I realize that the reasons why I took public administration and nursing are basically a combination of the reason why I am engaging myself in the social work profession. That is to be in a helping profession. Lastly, I want to react on her statement â€Å"like most professions in the human service arena, social work is undergoing a shift from the â€Å"disease paradigm† to the strength perspective.† Due to the demand on levelling with the current change and development, social workers should not be tied on the reason they chose the profession because of its need but basically because of the reason that they have this â€Å"spark†, a spark that fuels them to be a committed and competent social worker. For me, I acknowledge the need for social workers today, the workers that will help the sectors of children, women, PWDs, poor, older persons, etc. to be socially capable of restoring, maintaining, improving and developing their lives but I also acknowledge that to be the best social worker, one should evaluate and understand the reason why they are in the profession and how ready they are to be of service to these clients. I am so honoured to be exposed in this profession and I really admire social workers who can help change clients’ lives. I know for myself that eventually I will be one of the best social worker, committed and competent to deliver social services. This is my goal, and somehow having the decision of taking this course is a step closer to achieving this goal. APRIL KATE K. AMADA

Shakespeares Othello - Essay on Iago as the Hero of Othello? :: GCSE English Literature Coursework

Iago as the Hero of Othello?  Ã‚   In the play Othello, by Shakespeare, the character Iago is perceived to be a sinister and wicked individual to readers who have just read the novel. If people give more thought to Iago's character and the actions that he took in order to attain the things that he wanted, then they can find some admirable traits in him. There is not one character in the novel that is entirely good or entirely bad. Each character is complex in his/her own way. After reading this Shakespearean work of art, I found that if the reader wanted to find fault in everybody then they could. Does this make the characters villains? Maybe it makes the characters individuals who are subject to certain emotions and problems that up rise and occur during the struggle for power. From the start of this play, friction between characters was prevalent. What's a Shakespearean play without conflict of characters? In Act One of Scene One, Othello angered both Iago and Roderigo when a promotion was given to Cassio. In line nine of Act One, Scene One, Iago says, "In personal suit to make me his lieutenant, Off-capp'd to him." Iago wanted and even pleaded lieutenancy. When the reader learns of that, then the play starts to unfold. From this point on, Iago holds on to his anger and does several things to get back at Othello and everybody who is around him. In lines 36-38 of the same act and scene, Iago states "preferment goes by letter and affection, and not by old gradation, where each second stood heir to the first." By saying that, Iago showed that he took Othello's promotion to another person extremely offensive. Iago brushed the insult off of his shoulders and posed as if he had forgotten about it. He stated, "We cannot all be masters, nor all masters cannot be truly follow'd" (Act One, Scene One, Lines 44-45). A master was what Iago was determined to be. Iago was the character in the play that held the trust of an abundance of characters. How worthy of the trust was he though? He played games with everybody’s emotions. To a certain extent, the people who put trust into him are at fault also. Iago seldom told people things directly. He spoke of things happening in his dreams or assumptions that he made. Shakespeare's Othello - Essay on Iago as the Hero of Othello? :: GCSE English Literature Coursework Iago as the Hero of Othello?  Ã‚   In the play Othello, by Shakespeare, the character Iago is perceived to be a sinister and wicked individual to readers who have just read the novel. If people give more thought to Iago's character and the actions that he took in order to attain the things that he wanted, then they can find some admirable traits in him. There is not one character in the novel that is entirely good or entirely bad. Each character is complex in his/her own way. After reading this Shakespearean work of art, I found that if the reader wanted to find fault in everybody then they could. Does this make the characters villains? Maybe it makes the characters individuals who are subject to certain emotions and problems that up rise and occur during the struggle for power. From the start of this play, friction between characters was prevalent. What's a Shakespearean play without conflict of characters? In Act One of Scene One, Othello angered both Iago and Roderigo when a promotion was given to Cassio. In line nine of Act One, Scene One, Iago says, "In personal suit to make me his lieutenant, Off-capp'd to him." Iago wanted and even pleaded lieutenancy. When the reader learns of that, then the play starts to unfold. From this point on, Iago holds on to his anger and does several things to get back at Othello and everybody who is around him. In lines 36-38 of the same act and scene, Iago states "preferment goes by letter and affection, and not by old gradation, where each second stood heir to the first." By saying that, Iago showed that he took Othello's promotion to another person extremely offensive. Iago brushed the insult off of his shoulders and posed as if he had forgotten about it. He stated, "We cannot all be masters, nor all masters cannot be truly follow'd" (Act One, Scene One, Lines 44-45). A master was what Iago was determined to be. Iago was the character in the play that held the trust of an abundance of characters. How worthy of the trust was he though? He played games with everybody’s emotions. To a certain extent, the people who put trust into him are at fault also. Iago seldom told people things directly. He spoke of things happening in his dreams or assumptions that he made.

Adolescent Sexuality

SEXUALITY OVERVIEW Most teens and pre-teens have a lot of questions about sex and sexuality. This is normal and natural. It also is normal to feel shy or embarrassed about raising these issues with adults or healthcare providers. Sexual development is an important part of health, similar to other measures of physical growth, such as height and weight. Sexual behavior, which is related to sexual development, has important health implications for everyone, and especially for teens. It is particularly important that to be well informed about all aspects of sex and sexual health. Some basic information on sex and sexuality is provided in this review, which may answer some questions and raise others. Find an adult you feel comfortable with — perhaps a healthcare provider, parent, or teacher — to discuss any questions or concerns you may have. SEXUALITY: WHAT IS IT? Human sexuality is more than just whether you are male or female, and it is more than just the act of sex. It is a complex idea that involves your physical make-up, how you think about yourself, and how you feel about others and the society you live in. Here are some of the things that contribute to sexuality: Anatomic sex — Anatomic sex refers to the sex organs with which you were born. That is, you are either a boy (with a penis and testicles) or a girl (with breasts, a uterus, vagina, and ovaries). Occasionally, a baby is born with sex organs that are not normally developed and/or may appear to resemble both sexes; these individuals are said to have ambiguous genitalia or to be intersex. Anatomic sex is only one component of sexuality. Gender identity — Gender identity relates to how you feel inside, and whether you â€Å"feel† like a boy or a girl. Most people have a combination of feelings, including some that are thought of as â€Å"male† or â€Å"masculine† and some that are thought of as â€Å"female† or â€Å"feminine†. In most cases, someone feels mostly like a boy or mostly like a girl. Gender identity and anatomic sex sometimes do not match. For example, a person can be born as a boy but feel like a girl. This is sometimes referred to as transgender. Sexual orientation — Once you begin puberty, you are likely to begin to have strong physical and emotional attractions to others. Sexual orientation refers to whether you are primarily attracted to people of the opposite sex (heterosexual), the same sex as you (homosexual, gay, or lesbian), or both (bisexual). Sexual orientation is influenced by many factors, including your anatomic sex, your gender identity, the society you live in, and other factors, some of which are not completely understood. Sexual orientation is believed to exist on a continuum. That is, you may feel mostly attracted to people of the same sex as you but still have some feelings for people of the opposite sex, or vice versa. These feelings are normal and may change throughout life. ADOLESCENT SEXUAL DEVELOPMENT Sexual development begins in the pre-teen years and continues into adulthood. The body produces hormones that cause outward changes, including breast development in girls, the appearance of facial hair in boys, and growth of hair under the arms and in the genital area of both boys and girls. However, puberty is more than physical changes. As your body grows into adulthood, your way of thinking, emotions, and wants and needs will change as well. The factors discussed above (your anatomic sex, your gender identity, and your sexual orientation) will all become a part of how these changes affect you as a person. You will probably start to feel strong attractions toward others. Sometimes these feelings include developing friendships with other teenagers. Other feelings include wanting to be physically close to another person. You may find yourself attracted to someone of the opposite sex, someone of the same sex, or both. It's important to remember that these physical attractions can shift and change and that they develop at different times in different people. You may find you are attracted to someone of the same sex for a time, then find stronger attractions to someone of the opposite sex. Alternately, the reverse could occur. Over time, most teens will come to identify themselves as primarily heterosexual, homosexual, or bisexual. However, you should not be surprised if you feel confused about some of these issues during your teen years. This time of life may be troubling for teens who begin to identify themselves as homosexual or bisexual, especially if these ideas are not openly accepted by family members, friends, or the society in which they live. In this case, it is especially important for the teen to find a trusted adult and friends with whom he or she can talk openly. Several of the online resources listed below can also be of benefit (see ‘Where to get more information' below. It also is important to know that in the early years of puberty, it's normal to want to experiment with sexual activity. This often happens before a teenager is fully aware of how this activity might affect his or herself or others. As teens continue to grow and mature, they are better able to make choices about intimacy and physical relationships that will enhance their lives, rather than making choices that will cause problems for themselves or others. Adults generally recommend that teens not rush into sexual activity too soon, but rather wait until they are more mature. (See ‘Health issues related to sex' below. ) When you are sexually mature, you'll have a more developed sense of your preferences and desires. You will understand the possible consequences of having sexual relationships with others, and you will be ready to take responsibility for whatever occurs. You will be more ready to engage in the satisfying, intimate relationships that are an important part of life. SEXUAL ACTIVITY: THE FACTS There are many ways to express intimacy. Spending time with another person, holding hands, and kissing are all ways to show affection and begin to explore physical intimacy. As you develop attractions toward others, you will probably want to explore these and other types of physical intimacy. What might this involve? Most teens have questions about sex and sex acts. Here are some basic facts and definitions, including some important information about sexual boundaries; that is, what is and what is not OK as part of a sexual relationship. Genitals — Genitals are the external sex organs that are sensitive to and stimulated by being touched, which typically occurs during sexual activity. The male external organs are the penis and scrotum, which holds the testicles (figure 1). The female external organs are the vulva, clitoris, and the opening to the vagina (figure 2). Petting — Petting is feeling parts of another person's body. This usually refers to touching the genitals or other sexually sensitive areas, such as breasts. Orgasm — Orgasm is an intensely pleasurable release of tension felt in the genital area and elsewhere in the body. It usually results from stimulation of the genitals. In men and boys, orgasm is associated with the release of semen (called ejaculation), which contains sperm. The term â€Å"come† is a slang word for orgasm. Sexual intercourse — In general, this refers to sex involving a man's penis being placed inside a woman's vagina. When the man ejaculates during sexual intercourse, this semen is released into the woman's vagina. Pregnancy occurs if sperm, contained in the semen, are able to fertilize the egg released by a woman's ovary. However, semen can be released even if the man does not have an orgasm. Oral sex — Oral sex involves using the mouth and/or tongue to stimulate the genitals. Oral sex can occur between a man and a woman, between two men, or between two women. Anal sex — Anal sex is sexual activity involving penetration of the anus (the opening where bowel movements leave the body). A penis or another object is inserted into the anus during anal sex. Both men and women are able to engage in anal sex. Masturbation — Masturbation involves using the hands, or sometimes a device such as a vibrator or other sex toy, to stimulate one's own or someone else's genitals. Some people believe â€Å"having sex† only means sexual intercourse. But other activities, including oral sex, anal sex, or masturbation can also be considered as â€Å"having sex†. Even things like kissing or petting are considered to be sexual activity because they are part of how one person responds sexually to another person. Sexual boundaries — The only kind of sexual activity that is OK is activity that occurs between people who want to have sex with each other. Activity that occurs when a person is alone, such as masturbation, is also OK. If two people are having sex, both of them must be old enough and mature enough to participate without feeling pressured to prove something or try something new. If a sex act is forced upon a person who does not want to participate, this is called rape. Rape is a serious crime that can result in being arrested, spending time in jail, and having a permanent criminal record. Having sex with someone who is not sure they want to have sex can also be called rape. For teens, feelings about sex can be new and confusing. For example, sometimes a person begins kissing or petting but then changes their mind and wants to stop. The other person must always listen, even if it is very difficult to stop. It is not harmful to stop sex before orgasm occurs. Teens sometimes get into difficult situations if they are drinking or using drugs and having sex. In these cases, someone may seem to want sex, but they may be too drunk or high to know what they are doing. Later, the sex can be called rape. Teens may be lured into having sex with an adult. It is never OK for an adult to behave in this way. If an adult wants to engage in any type of sexual activity (kissing, petting, oral sex, intercourse), the teen should talk to a parent, healthcare provider, law officer, or other trusted adult at once. Even if you feel like you have done something to cause the adult to be attracted or have sexual feelings, the adult is responsible for controlling his or her behavior, regardless of the circumstances. Certain state laws, which vary from state to state, impose certain regulations or rules on sexual activity, even among teens. As discussed above, it is always a crime for anyone to force or coerce you into having sex against your wishes, no matter if it is an adult or someone around your own age. However, in some states, sex between teens below a certain age may also be illegal, even if both people want to have sex. Rules may depend upon the age of both partners and upon the sex of your other partner(s). Before deciding to have sex, speak to a trusted adult about these important issues. HEALTH ISSUES RELATED TO SEX The main reason it is important to postpone sexual activity until you are mature is that sexual activity affects both the physical and emotional health of the people involved. Here are some facts. Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) — There are a number of infections that can be spread during sexual activity. Infections can be spread through sexual intercourse, anal sex, oral sex, and using fingers, other body parts, or sex toys that have come in contact with another person's genitals or body fluids. These diseases are called sexually transmitted infections, or STIs (often called sexually transmitted diseases, or STDs). Common places STIs can occur are the genital organs, anus, and throat. Research has shown that young people are at an increased risk of developing STIs. The reasons for this are not completely understood. However, the younger you are when you start having sex, the more likely it is that you will get an STI. Also, having one STI can make it easier to acquire other STIs at the same time. In many cases, you can get an STI and not know it. This is because STIs often do not have any noticeable signs or symptoms. All of the STIs can have serious consequences for future health. For example, a woman who gets an STI may have difficulty becoming pregnant later in life or may be more prone to developing certain types of cancer, such as cervical cancer. Some of the most important STIs are: HIV — HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) is the virus that causes AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome). AIDS is a serious, incurable disease of the immune system. Until recently, everyone who developed AIDS died. Although new treatments are now helping many people with HIV infection live longer, there is still no cure for this serious disease or vaccine to prevent it. Many people still die each year from AIDS. Each year, between 40,000 and 80,000 people are newly infected with HIV. Half of these new infections are in people younger than 25 years old. New recommendations call for those who have been sexually active to be tested routinely for HIV infection. The earlier HIV is detected, the sooner a person can obtain treatment and the better their chances are of survival. Speak to your healthcare provider about HIV testing. (See â€Å"Patient information: Testing for HIV†. ) Human papillomavirus — Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common STI in adolescents. Most people who get HPV do not know they have it. Some types of HPV cause genital warts. Other types of HPV cause cervical cancer in woman, penile cancer in men, and anal cancer in either sex. A Pap smear is one important way your healthcare provider can screen for cervical cancer associated with HPV. (See â€Å"Patient information: Condyloma (genital warts) in women† and â€Å"Patient information: Cervical cancer screening†. ) In addition, there is a vaccine for girls age 9 to 26 years to protect against four common types of HPV. Speak to your healthcare provider about this important vaccine. (See â€Å"Patient information: Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine†. ) Gonorrhea and chlamydia — These are serious bacterial infections of the genital tract. They can lead to pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) in women, which can cause severe pain and can lead to infertility (inability to become pregnant). Both gonorrhea and chlamydia can be cured with antibiotics. It is important to be screened for these infections if you have had sex, because you may not always have symptoms. (See â€Å"Patient information: Gonorrhea† and â€Å"Patient information: Chlamydia†. ) Herpes simplex virus — This is a viral infection that causes painful or itchy sores or blisters in the genital area. The sores heal but can reappear at any point later in life. There is no cure. The virus can be spread even when there are no blisters present. Medications are available from your healthcare provider to shorten the length of time the blisters last and decrease your risk of repeat outbreaks. (See â€Å"Patient information: Genital herpes†. ) Hepatitis B virus — This is a viral infection that can cause liver disease. In most cases, the disease resolves after the initial illness. But in some people, serious liver damage or liver failure can occur. Most children and adolescents are being vaccinated against this infection with a series of three shots. You should speak to your healthcare provider if you are not sure if you have had this vaccine. (See â€Å"Patient information: Hepatitis B†. ) Syphilis — This is an infection caused by a small organism called a spirochete (/SPY-ro-keet/), which can cause an ulcer on a person's genitals or anus. It is fairly uncommon in teens but more common in certain populations. Sometimes you may not notice the ulcer, because it does not usually cause pain or may be on the inside of the vagina (in females) or anus (in both sexes). It is important to see your healthcare provider right away if you notice any sores or ulcers. The sore usually heals but can cause important long-term problems if untreated. Trichomonas — Trichomonas (â€Å"trich†) is a common infection caused by a tiny parasite that can cause itching and/or a discharge from a person's genital organs. Females notice symptoms far more often than males, although both sexes can be affected and require treatment by a healthcare provider. This infection can be cured with antibiotics. PREVENTING AND SCREENING FOR STIS The only way to be sure you will not get an STI is to not have sex. STIs can be transmitted through sexual intercourse, oral sex, anal sex, and using fingers, other body parts, or sex toys that have come in contact with another person's genitals or body fluids. STIs can be transmitted between a male and a female, between two females, and between two males who have sex. It is not possible to tell by looking at someone whether he or she has an STI. Even if the other person tells you they do not have an STI or says they are â€Å"clean†, you cannot be sure this is true. That is because the person may not know if they are infected. Also, it is common for teens to not be completely truthful about many things in relationships, including whether they may have been exposed to an STI. Condom use — People who are sexually active can reduce their risk of getting an STI by using a latex or polyurethane condom every time they have sex. Male condoms are worn on the penis, helping to prevent body fluids from passing to another person. Female condoms are also available, and can be placed in the vagina to help prevent fluids from passing from one person to another. (If a male and female are having sex, only one should wear a condom. If both the male and female wear a condom, the condoms could rub together and move out of place. ) Dental dams are another barrier device that can be used when performing oral sex on a female. (See â€Å"Patient information: Barrier methods of birth control†. ) Condoms and dental dams reduce the risk of getting an STI, but they do not take away the risk completely. Condoms can break or leak, allowing passage of body fluids and transmission of infection. In addition, condoms do not completely cover all of the skin that is exposed during sex; herpes and HPV can be passed by skin-to-skin contact. Other birth control methods do not reduce the risk of STIs. You can reduce the risk that a male condom will break or slip off in two ways. First, make sure the penis is completely hard before putting on the condom. Also, be sure to squeeze and hold the tip of the condom as you roll the rest of it down the penis, making sure there is no air pocket (like a small balloon) at the end of the penis. Immunizations — Another way to reduce the risk of two specific STIs (HPV and hepatitis B) is to talk to a healthcare provider about immunizations. As previously mentioned, most children and adolescents are routinely immunized against hepatitis B in the United States. The HPV vaccine is now available to females aged nine years and older. Check ups — Regular check-ups by your healthcare provider are important to all adolescents, but it is particularly important to speak with a healthcare provider if you decide to have sex. This talk should include ways to prevent pregnancy and STIs, as well as the need for regular testing for STIs, including HIV. Since STIs can occur in different body sites (genital organs, anus, and throat) and may have no symptoms, it is important to speak honestly with the provider about sexual behavior to get appropriate testing. If your healthcare provider is not comfortable or able to screen you for STIs, ask for a referral to a provider who can. Pregnancy and birth control — Pregnancy is a serious consequence of sexual activity between males and females. Each year in the United States, about 1 million adolescents become pregnant. Pregnancy in teens has serious health consequences. Pregnant teens are more likely to have babies who are premature or sick. A pregnant adolescent is more likely to drop out of school and live in poverty. Although some teens who become pregnant choose to have an abortion, this choice also carries risks. As with STIs, the only way a young woman can be sure she will not become pregnant is to not have sexual intercourse. There is no reliable way to determine a â€Å"safe† time when she will not become pregnant; menstrual cycles at this age can be irregular. Teens should know that pregnancy is possible each time they have sexual intercourse, including the first time and during the menstrual period. Birth control methods are available that can reduce the risk of pregnancy. However, birth control methods other than condoms do not reduce the risk of STIs. The most reliable methods (other than abstinence) must be prescribed by a doctor or nurse. These include birth control pills, patches, and injections. Other newer options for females include a vaginal ring that is worn in the vagina or a small device that must be inserted under the skin by a healthcare provider. (See â€Å"Patient information: Hormonal methods of birth control†. ) Some methods, such as condoms and contraceptive foam, can be purchased without a prescription. A condom should be used every time you have sex, even if another method is used to prevent pregnancy. (See â€Å"Patient information: Barrier methods of birth control†. ) If you use birth control but have an accident (the condom breaks, you forget a pill), you can take a â€Å"morning after pill† to reduce the risk of pregnancy. (See â€Å"Patient information: Emergency contraception (morning after pill)†. ) Teens who engage in sexual activity must be sure they have accurate information about the available birth control options. The best time to decide on a method of birth control is before you start having sex.

An Example of Email for Customer Service - 1410 Words

From: CustomerCare@weprint.com Date: Wednesday, November 3, 2005, 8:48 AM To: rpleskunas@gorgetracker.com Subject: Your Electronic Business Card Is Ready Dear Richard: In response to your order dated November 2, 2005, I am pleased to inform you that we have now configured your electronic business card and you can link to our website to download it to your computer system at your convenience. Your electronic business card is ready for you to install! [Don’t bury main idea] Please follow these easy steps to access your account and install the card. You will need the e-mail address and password that you used to register with us. To install your electronic business card: Link to www.weprint.com/vp/ns/my_account/my_ecards.asp,†¦show more content†¦It doesn’t reinforce the reader’s buying decision. A better option: â€Å"You’ll soon be enhancing your electronic communications with the same great custom graphics that you created for your WePrint business cards!† 5. Choose a closing that doesn’t imply inadequacy like this sentence does: â€Å"We hope that you’ll visit our website again and trust that you’ll find many additional products there to improve your business.† a. â€Å"If you have further questions or need additional assistance, please don’t hesitate to contact us.† b. â€Å"You’ll find additional products on our website (www.weprint.com) to help you improve your business with fast, easy, and affordable custom printing.† c. â€Å"We hope you’ve found these instructions helpful and will visit our website frequently for your business communication needs.† d. â€Å"If you find a better price elsewhere, please let us know and we will try to match it if we can!† Final, Improved Version From: CustomerCare@weprint.com Date: Wednesday, November 3, 2005, 8:48 AM To: rpleskunas@gorgetracker.com Subject: Your Electronic Business Card Is Ready Dear Richard: Your electronic business card is ready for you to install! 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Terrorism Is It Mala in Se or Mala Prohibita Essay

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Purchasing Management Of APL Logistics †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Purchasing Management Of APL Logistics. Answer: Introduction Purchasing is the first stage, which an organisation perform to initiate the business. It is both related to buying the products or the services. Purchasing involves various strategic planning in it, which in fact produces the final purchasing. On a same note, purchasing management is a process through which companies manage their purchasing and set standards for such process. It is highly important to have a good relationship in between the service provider and its supplier. A good interrelationship means a sound exchange of each others capabilities, which collectively serves the different purposes of customers. Nevertheless, a purposeful business can only sustain a long existence in the market (Giunipero, Hooker Denslow, 2012). The selected organisation for this assignment is APL Logistics Ltd., which is a wholly owned subsidiary of a Japanese Company Kintetsu World Express, Inc. (KWE). The company is operating in most parts of world and providing solutions on logistic services. It provides its services to many different industries such as automotive, retail, consumer and industrials verticals. Its competitors are Orient Overseas (International) Limited, Nippon Yusen Kabushiki Kaisha and Maersk A/S. The operational goal is to grow with the existing the new customers and to establish it as a developed company in the different targeted verticals (Apllogistics.com, 2017). They have succeeded to leave a huge impact on the global logistic industry with their continuous rising market shares. Some of their strategies such as smarter policies for procurement, flexibility with external infrastructure etc have publicised their global presence (edb.gov.sg, 2017). The main purpose of this assignment is to analyse the effectiveness of the purchasing management of the APL Logistics in Singapore. The three aspects, which this assignment would focus on are the selection criteria for suppliers, costs of purchasing and Use of ICT in managing the purchasing. Supplier selection criteria and issues The supplier selection criteria of the APL Logistics revolve around becoming global with wide range of potential industries. Currently, it has suppliers from four potential industries such as Automotive, Retail, Consumer and Industrials. APL looks for potential suppliers to explore its credibility with the help of different technologies, which it acquires through merger or acquisition of respective companies (Handoko Lau, 2016). Merger and acquisition has remained a single most powerful weapon for the APL Logistics. They have done it in numerous of times to consolidate their place in the global logistic industries. The acquisition of GATX Logistics in US to open up its own warehouse service is the one such example. The move was to solidify its footprint in the United States of America (Berchicci, Dowell King, 2012). On a similar note, it acquired the German based Company Mare Logistik Spedition GmbH in the year 2002. The acquisition provided a solid platform to APL Logistics in Ge rmany (Erkan, 2014). These are just few of such examples, which have helped the company acquire a significant position in the logistic market. The few examples that have been presented in this assignment do clearly support a fact that APL Logistics relies heavily on merger and acquisition. Moreover, it helps the company in enhancing its capabilities as a logistic solution provider to multiple industries. Merger and acquisition brings some problems as well, which needs to be countered with some effective business strategies. Below are some commonest of issues that erupt while operating as a partnered organisation through either merger or acquisition: Global operation: Merger acquisition brings headquarter in the target country as well. This means that the managers need to be flexible with the different cultures in two different countries. Generally, mangers fail to understand the importance of understanding the different cultures in the target country. Managers find themselves feasible with the global culture as well. They fail to understand that performance drivers are different for different countries (Cheng Seeger, 2012). In such circumstances, it is highly recommended for the managers that they learn to deal with the different cultures across the globe. This would provide them a good control on its global operation as well (De Mooij, 2013). Requirement of expertise: Many big organisations do not understand the entire stages involved in the merger and acquisition process. They neither have ample of time, so that, they could devote times behind searching the every required aspect of merger and acquisition. They do not even hire expert consultants in few cases as well, which leads to uncontrolled movement with the merger and acquisition. This is indeed very important for a controlled business operation in the target country and for attaining the set objectives from the merger and the acquisition process (Frankel Forman, 2017). It is highly recommended to the APL Logistics Company to gather sufficient information prior to the merger and the acquisition process. Additionally, the company may also adopt an expert consultant who can guide them intelligently towards their goals and needs with the respective merger and acquisition (Galpin Herndon, 2014). ICT for purchasing operations The company uses different technologies to enhance its expertise as a logistic solution provider. This is indeed a fact that it either has merged with few companies or acquired those just to enhance its capability as a logistic service provider. The establishments of the company in the United States of America, the European countries and other parts of world have produced some examples of such process. They have their own portal system for their aspirant users. The portal with the name MyPortal provides single log in facility to its users. It allows them access to numerous web based applications. ShipmentOptimizer is another technology, which APL Logistics use. It maintains the product flow by adhering to the dynamic rules that governs the change with the changing nature of market. ShipMaxAlliance is another technical strategy through which APL Logistics partner with the truck service providing companies. They use to enhance their loading capabilities, which help them to provide an i mproved service and enhanced returns on expenditures. An electronic booking service is another technological move through which the company facilitates its users to submit the shipping orders online. Production tracking helps them interact to their suppliers on each stage of production. The updates come in Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) format. Advance Shipment Notice (ASN) Management is a solution for majority of services such as packing lists, carton scanning, ASN transmission, label printing and commercial invoices. This is indeed a very important technology because it provides control on some of the few challenging tasks carton scanning (Apllogistics.com, 2017). Recommendations would be given to the APL Logistics Company on following few potential technologies, which would enhance their existing capability as a logistic solution providing company: Internet of things (IOT): This would take the technology to a next level through the integration of technology in various processes, which are involved in Transportations and Warehouse Management. Inclusion of sensor within the transport vehicles would communicate the real time data on truck movement and would also allow the sharing of the captured footages (Cardoso, Mastelari Bassora, 2013). Using such technology APL could actually enhance its control on most of the logistic operation. Furthermore, this would help the company in enhancing its customer service standard. Sustainable operation: Technology can be implemented to reduce the carbon emission, which is constantly proving its severity to the surrounding environment. Logistic companies such as APL Logistics can impose strict regulations on truck owners or the third party vendors to use such transportation means, which emit less carbon (McKinnon et al., 2015). This would certainly help APL gain a competitive edge over its competitors. Security: With so much digitalisation in the logistic industry, it is necessary that numerous data would be transmitted over internet and cloud. Such system would be more prone to cyber attacks. This is for such reason it is necessary to select some remedial action against the identified threats. In such circumstances, regular testing and security related audits would be highly required to identify any potential threat (Bichou, 2014). APL Logistics can adopt regular auditing system to enhance its competitiveness. This would not only help them prevent from the loss of business but would also enhance their customer service standard. Purchasing cost analysis Purchasing is one of the parts of an entire supply chain. It is indeed the primary resource, which requires significant investments on it. It is very important that organisation take efficient moves to reduce its purchasing costs, as by doing that they would be able to cut down on the expenses. Furthermore, they would also be able to enhance their performance by incrementing their revenues. Purchasing costs involves the collection of required raw materials from the suppliers and paying to the logistic companies for receiving the materials at the manufacturing centres. Purchasing costs is a part of total cost, which needs to be controlled in order to attain the maximised benefits on the revenues (Monczka et al., 2015). Purchasing costs analysis can be analysed by calculating the total costs involved in the entire supply chain and then subtracting the collective costs of raw materials costs incurred on inbound logistics from this. The net amount gained would give the purchasing costs for a specific product or service (Chicksand et al., 2012). It is of significant importance for the APL Logistics Company. For APL Logistics, the costs involved in filling up the required fuel, loading the product on the truck other means of transport, minimum wages for the drivers are some important domains where they are required to make expenses on. They can improve their performance by saving much on the paid amount from the clients or the suppliers. Suppliers of APL Logistics are those different companies that represent respective industries such as automotive industry. On the other hand, its clients or the suppliers would try to save on their expenses, which is why it is necessary that APL Logistics save on its operation in order to enhance its profitability. The one saving point for the APL Logistics would be to save on paying wages to the drivers (Konishi et al., 2012). If they can negotiate with the drivers, this would be a good resource to reduce their expenses to a considerable degree. Allowing big size trucks only for the transportation (Greening, Piecyk McKinnon, 2015). This would accommodate comparatively larger volume, which would save the spending to a considerable level. This is possible because such trucks would fulfil the capacity of smaller vehicles. Furthermore, this strategy would help in saving on paying the minimum wages to the drivers. Conclusion APL Logistics is one of those logistic companies in Singapore that has its presence at the global level. The company has identified the importance of different technologies that helps foster in the logistic industry. Merger and acquisition has remained one of their weapons, which they have used to establish their presence in various new markets across the globe. They have selected their suppliers from various potential resources; however, to maintain a long-term relationship with the suppliers it needs to keep it updated with the upcoming trends in the logistic industry. The use of ICT has also received wide reception in the APL Company; however, it further needs to explore its credentials with the use of various future technologies such as Internet of things (IOT). This would further strengthen their control on the operation and would also help to enhance the customer service level. It also needs to incept few changes such as allowing the license to big trucks only. This would help them cut down on their expenditures by cutting down on the minimum wages payment. Such techniques can help the company enhance its business, which would enhance its profitability structure. Supplier selection criteria, use of ICT in operation and analysing the purchasing costs are three most important parts, which can significantly influence the business of logistic companies. This is necessary also to neutralise the rising competition in the logistic industry. The company has often believed in expanding its growth with by entering into new markets. This is on the other side is not safe indeed. This is why it is necessary for APL Logistics that it takes proper consultation of experts prior to enter into new markets. References Apllogistics.com. (2017).Cite a Website - Cite This For Me. [online] Available at: https://www.apllogistics.com/wps/portal/apll/!ut/p/z0/04_Sj9CPykssy0xPLMnMz0vMAfIjo8zi_d0tnd3dLYzc3S0DLQ08Q8L8DMP8nY1c3Yz0C7IdFQEc6sHU/p0/IZ7_41E6IG82GG7M80I3L8U6DCPOR4=CZ6_OG9CGG82GG9Q90ITVN1VOC2EF2=MECTX!QCPAPLL_ContentLibQCPAPLLQCPAPLL_SA_HomeQCPSA-RegionsQCPSA-SouthEastAsiaQCP/p0/IZ7_41E6IG82GG7M80I3L8U6DCPOR4=CZ6_OG9CGG82GG9Q90ITVN1VOC2EF2=MECTX!QCPAPLL_ContentLibQCPAPLLQCPAPLL_SA_HomeQCPSA-RegionsQCPSA-SouthEastAsiaQCPSingaporeQCP==/ [Accessed 6 Sep. 2017]. Berchicci, L., Dowell, G., King, A. A. (2012). Environmental capabilities and corporate strategy: Exploring acquisitions among US manufacturing firms.Strategic Management Journal,33(9), 1053-1071. Bichou, K. (2014).Port operations, planning and logistics. CRC Press. Cardoso, R. M., Mastelari, N., Bassora, M. F. (2013). Internet of things architecture in the context of intelligent transportation systemsa case study towards a web-based application deployment. In22nd International Congress of Mechanical Engineering (COBEM 2013)(pp. 7751-7760). Cheng, S. S., Seeger, M. W. (2012). Cultural differences and communication issues in international mergers and acquisitions: A case study of BenQ debacle.International Journal of Business and Social Science,3(3). Chicksand, D., Watson, G., Walker, H., Radnor, Z., Johnston, R. (2012). Theoretical perspectives in purchasing and supply chain management: an analysis of the literature.Supply Chain Management: An International Journal,17(4), 454-472. De Mooij, M. (2013).Global marketing and advertising: Understanding cultural paradoxes. Sage Publications. edb.gov.sg (2017). [online] edb.gov.sg. Available at: https://www.edb.gov.sg/content/dam/edb/en/resources/pdfs/publications/media%20partnership/EIU%20Report%20-%20Asia%20Competitor%20Barometer%20Transport%20and%20Logistics.pdf [Accessed 6 Sep. 2017]. Erkan, B. (2014). The importance and determinants of logistics performance of selected countries.Journal of Emerging Issues in Economics, Finance and Banking,3(6), 1237-1254. Frankel, M. E., Forman, L. H. (2017).Mergers and acquisitions basics: the key steps of acquisitions, divestitures, and investments. John Wiley Sons. Galpin, T. J., Herndon, M. (2014).The complete guide to mergers and acquisitions: Process tools to support MA integration at every level. John Wiley Sons. Giunipero, L. C., Hooker, R. E., Denslow, D. (2012). Purchasing and supply management sustainability: Drivers and barriers.Journal of Purchasing and Supply Management,18(4), 258-269. Greening, P., Piecyk, M., McKinnon, A. C. (2015).An assessment of the potential for demand-side fuel savings in the Heavy Goods Vehicle (HGV) sector. University of Cambridge, Department of Engineering. Handoko, S. D., Lau, H. C. (2016). Enabling carrier collaboration via order sharing double auction: a Singapore urban logistics perspective.Transportation Research Procedia,12, 777-786. Konishi, Y., Mun, S. I., Nishiyama, Y., Sung, J. E. (2012). Determinants of Transport Costs for Inter-regional Trade. McKinnon, A., Browne, M., Whiteing, A., Piecyk, M. (Eds.). (2015).Green logistics: Improving the environmental sustainability of logistics. Kogan Page Publishers. Monczka, R. M., Handfield, R. B., Giunipero, L. C., Patterson, J. L. (2015).Purchasing and supply chain management. Cengage Learning.